Rethinking the role of microglia in obesity

Cutugno G(1), Kyriakidou E(1), Nadjar A(2).

Author information:
(1)INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale,
U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
(2)INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale,
U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF).
Electronic address: .

Microglia are the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), implying
their role in maintaining brain homeostasis. To achieve this, these cells are
sensitive to a plethora of endogenous and exogenous signals, such as neuronal
activity, cellular debris, hormones, and pathological patterns, among many
others. More recent research suggests that microglia are highly responsive to
nutrients and dietary variations. In this context, numerous studies have
demonstrated their significant role in the development of obesity under calorie
surfeit. Because many reviews already exist on this topic, we have chosen to
present the state of our reflections on various concepts put forth in the
literature, bringing a new perspective whenever possible. Our literature review
focuses on studies conducted in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, a key
structure in the control of food intake. Specifically, we present the recent
data available on the modifications of microglial energy metabolism following
the consumption of an obesogenic diet and their consequences on hypothalamic
neuron activity. We also highlight the studies unraveling the mechanisms
underlying obesity-related sexual dimorphism. The review concludes with a list
of questions that remain to be addressed in the field to achieve a comprehensive
understanding of the role of microglia in the regulation of body energy
metabolism.

 

Auteurs Bordeaux Neurocampus