Predictors of craving and substance use among patients with alcohol, tobacco, cannabis or opiate addictions: Commonalities and specificities across substances
Addictive Behaviors. 2018-08-01; 83: 123-129
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.041
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Serre F(1), Fatseas M(1), Denis C(2), Swendsen J(3), Auriacombe M(4).
Author information:
(1)Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Equipe addiction (laboratoire de psychiatrie), SANPSY, CNRS USR 3413, Bordeaux, France; Département d’Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
(2)Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Equipe addiction (laboratoire de psychiatrie), SANPSY, CNRS USR 3413, Bordeaux, France; Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
(3)Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INCIA, CNRS, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL, Paris, France.
(4)Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Equipe addiction (laboratoire de psychiatrie), SANPSY, CNRS USR 3413, Bordeaux, France; Département d’Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:
.
INTRODUCTION:
Craving has been proposed as a major contributor to addiction
relapse and the influence of mood on craving and substance use has been
extensively documented. However, information is lacking concerning the extent to
which the magnitude of these effects may vary according to different types of
substances. The aim of the present study was to compare the prospective links
between emotions, craving and substance use in four groups of patients beginning
treatment for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or opiate addiction.
METHODS:
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used over a two-week period.
Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).
RESULTS:
159 participants were recruited (67.3% male; M = 36.7 years). The
average response rate to the EMA assessments was 83.1%. The findings confirmed
the strong predictive role of craving intensity on substance use reported at the
next assessment of the day among the alcohol (γ = 0.224; p = .018), tobacco
(γ = 0.133; p = .013) and cannabis groups (γ = 0.266; p = .019), but not for
opiates (γ = 0.098; p = .142). Craving intensity was itself predicted by greater
anxious mood (γ = 0.108; p = 0,029) and event negativity (γ = 0.107; p = .003)
among tobacco patients, lower sad mood among cannabis patients (γ = -0.248;
p = 0,002), and lower event negativity among opiate patients (γ = -0.201;
p = .002).
CONCLUSION:
While these results support the benefit of targeting craving in
addiction treatment regardless of substance type, the substance-specific
emotional risk factors for craving identified in this study may provide important
insights for the development of personalized treatment strategies.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.